A BIM–DIGITAL TWIN ARCHITECTURE FOR CONSTRUCTION AND INDUSTRIAL TRANSPORT LOGISTICS: TRANSFERABILITY FROM SPAIN TO KAZAKHSTAN

Abstract

Construction and industrial transport logistics depend on information held in separate systems: models, schedules, transport management, supplier and sensor systems. The study aims to design an architecture linking these sources at model-element level, to test whether open models carry the information logistics needs, and to assess which elements of Spain's public BIM framework can transfer to Kazakhstan. A design science research methodology was followed. Requirements were derived from ISO 19650, ISO 16739-1:2024 (IFC 4.3), ISO 7817-1 and published studies of BIM-based logistics; the artefact is a reference architecture with a common data environment, an event-driven integration service and an enrichment service. The evaluation material comprised ten IFC 4.3 reference models published by buildingSMART International (348 physical elements), Spain's BIM Plan for public procurement (Orden PCM/818/2023) and Kazakhstan's Construction Code of 2026. Every element carried a persistent identifier and a spatial containment or aggregation relation, and 94 % had a material, but, pooled over all models, only 9 % had quantity sets and 16 % a classification reference; none had a weight or a link to a schedule task, and none of the materials carried a density. Volumes could be computed from geometry for all elements with a representation and matched stored values where present, so volume enrichment can be automated; weights need an external material catalogue. Neither regulatory framework addresses logistics data. In the author's assessment, Spain's explicit IFC requirement and its staging by contract value and date are the primary candidates for transfer, followed by the common data environment definition, maturity levels and model submission to geoinformation bases; Kazakhstan could introduce them through the normative documents to which its Construction Code delegates information requirements. The contribution is an architecture traced to explicit requirements and a measured gap between model content and logistics needs. Field validation remains to be done.